Insulator



Jan. 15 1924* 1,481,080 A. o. AUSTIN INSULATOR Filed April 10 1919 5Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 15 1924.

v A. o. AUSTIN I N5 ULATOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 15 1924. 1,481,080 A AUSTIN J zy. 6.

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Jan. 15 l 4. 1,481,080

A. O. AUSTIN 3am 1924. 1,481,080 A. o AUSTIN L i.l

E X M W Q i i I J i Patented Jan. 15, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT orrlca.

ARTHUR O. AUSTIN, OF BARBERTON, OHIO, AS SIGNOB, BY M-ESNE ASSIGNMENTS,TO THE OHIO BRASS COMPANY, OF MANSFIELD, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF NEWJERSEY.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 'I, ARTHUR O. AUSTIN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Barberton, in the county of Summit and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Insulators, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The invention relates to insulators for electricity has for its objectthe provision of such insulators which shall be capable of withstandinmechanical stresses to which they are su ject without impairing theirelectrical properties and which shall be of improved construction andoperation.

The invention is exemplified in the combi nation and arrangement ofparts shown in the accompanying drawings and described in the followingspecification, and it is more particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims.

In the drawings,

7 Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of an insulator embodying oneform of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section on llne 2--2 of Fig. 1;

Fig, 3 is a view similar to Fig. l but showing a modified form of theinvention;

Fi 4 is a transverse section on line i -4 of F 1g. 3;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary elevation of another form of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a transverse section on line 6-6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 5, of other modification of theinvention;

Fig. 9 a transverse section online 9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 1'8 is a longitudinal section on 10-10 of Fig. 8;

Fi 11 is a view similar to Figs. 5 and 8 showing further modification ofthe t--- tion;

Fig. 12 is a transverse section on has 12-12 of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a lon itudinal section ofthe in sulator shown in ig. 11;

Fig. 14 is an elevation partly in section of an insulator showing adifferent moditi cation of the invention;

is a longitudinal section on line' Fig. 15 is an end view of theinsulator shown in Fig. 14;

' Fig. 16 is a transverse section on line 1616 of Fig. 14;

Fig. 17 is a transverse section on line 1 7--17 of Fig. 14.

The materials now most commonly used for the construction of insulators,which are subjected to high tension such as insulators for the supportof high tensionpower transmission lines'and for the support of antennaein wireless work, are generally of a comparatively fragile nature suchas porcelain, and since, as the breaking of an insulator of this classmay result seriously, it is im ortant that such insulators should be ofs I cient size and pro ortion to withstand the stresses to which t eyare subjected. It is also desirable that such insulators should be aslight as possible so that their supports will not be subjected to undueweight. If the only stresses to which the insulators are subjected werethose due to direct pull of the load upon the insulator, it would becomparatively immaterial what the cross sectional shape of an insulatorwas. In practice, however, such insulators are subjected to otherstresses besides the direct pull of the load, the most serious of whichprobably are those set up by vibration. It will readily be understoodthat vibration of an insulator subjects the insulator to stresses whichare the same as those of a beam in flexure. Insulators constructedaccording to the present invention are designed to withstand not onlylongitudinal stresses, but stresses set up by vibration, and to do sowith the smallest amount or material possible, so as to keep down theweight of the insulator.

In Fig. 1, the numeral 20 designates a bar of insuiating material, suchas porcelain, which is provided with longitudinall extending ribs orflanges 22 extending ra ially from the centrai core portion of the barand spaced peri heraily about the bar. The ends of the insu ator areprovided with metallic caps which are connected, respectively, with. thesupport and the load arid these caps secured to the bar 20 by cement 24appiied in a manner well known in the art. The end of the insulator maybe centrally bored to receive a pin 25 projecting from,

tilt

the end cap 23, the pin being cemented within the opening in theinsulator to aid in holding the cap in place. It will be seen that thisinsulator provides a sectional shape well designed to withstand flexurecaused by vibration and to develop therefore a high ultimate strengthunder working conditions. The ribbed construction permits ot a largecross-section with high moment oiinertia without the disadvantage ofcentral openings like that of a tube which may lead to internal dischare. The ribbed section also lends itself readily to the interlinkedstructural or reinforcing members described.

In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the insulator isslightly modified by the addition of a large number of ribs 22, therebeing eight ribs in the form shown in these figures. It will beunderstood, of course, that the number of ribs may be varied withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention.

In Figs. 5, 6 and 7 there is shown an insulator similar to that of Fig.1, with the addition of reenforoing members 26 which lie in the groovesbetween the ribs 22 and which are arranged so that the ends of Suecessive reenforcing members overlap and are spaced peripherally from oneanother by intervening ribs 22. The members 26 are arranged in pairs indiagonally opposite grooves and the ends of each pair are con-.

nected by cross pins 27 extending through openings 28 which penetratethe central portion of the insulator. It will be seen that thereent'orcing members 26, together with their pins 27, form! a chain thelinks of which interlock with one another but are insulated from oneanother by the material of the insulating-bar. The reenforcing members26 may be made to carry a portion or all of the load supported by theinsulator, in

which case the insulating material between pins 27 'of adjacent linkswill be in compression. The links, however, cannot overcome the stressesset up by fiexure and there-- provided in this type of insulator, thesameas in those previously described, and the members 26 at the ends ofthe insulator may be formed integrally with these end caps, as

{shown in the drawings, or connected with them in any other desiredmanner.

Figs. 8 to 10, inclusive, show an insulator similar to that shown inFig. *5, but pro vided within. larger number of ribs or fins 22.

Where more than four ribs are present, it is desirable that eachsuccessive link is spaced angularly about the insulator in the groovenext adjacent the preceding link. it will be apparent that thisarrangement will leave the longest space possible between any twoadjacent links in a single groove, thus providing the longest path ofdischarge between links in case of a flash-over. It will also beapparent, that this distance between adjacent links in a single groovewill increase with the number of'tins formed on the insulator, so that alarge number of fins increases not only the mechanical eliiciency ot'the insulator, but also the insulating et'- ticiency against flash-over.In Figs. 8 to 10, inclusive, integral links 30 of wire cable are shownin the place of the built-up links. such as those illustrated in theprevious figures.

Figs. 11 to 13, inclusive, illustrate a form of insulator similar tothat shown in Figs.

8 to 10, inclusive, but eight ribs instead of six ribs are illustratedin Figs. 11 to 13, inclusive. Theselatter figures clearly illustrate theetfcct of a greater number of ribs and show the increased distancebetween adjacent links in a single groove.

In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 14 to 17, inclusive, crossbaflies 32 are formed transversely of the grooves between the ribs 22,for the purpose of preventing flash-over between ad acent links in anyone of the grooves, The connection of the end link 33 is also somewhatdifferent from that of the previous links, the end link in this casebeing formed of a wire cable having the strands separated. as shown at34:, and filled with metal in a well known manner to secure them insockets 35 formed integrally with the end caps 23.

I claim:

1. An elongated insulator having externally. arranged interlinkingreenforcing members connected therewith and insulated from one another,each of said members beiuginsulated from one of the attaching portionsof said insulator.

2. An elongated insulator having externally arranged interlinkingreenforcing members connected therewith, said members being arranged topenetrate said insulator in spaced relation toone another so thatadjacent portions of said members are insulated from one another byintervening portions of said insulator.

3. An insulator comprising an elongated bar having longitudinallyextending ribs projecting radially therefrom, and reentorcing membersconnected with said bar and positioned in the grooves between said ribs.

4. An elongated insulator having reenforcing members connected therewithand arranged externally of said insulator at different angular positionsthereon, and projeotions on said insulator for separating said angularlyspaced reenforcing members from one another.

5. In combination, an insulator comp ris= ing an elongated bar havinglongitudinally extending and peripherally spaced ribs thereon, andinterlinkin reeiiforcing members connected with saic bar and angularlyspaced relatively to one another thereon so that said members areseparated from one another by said ribs.

6. An insulator comprising an elongated bar having a plurality ofperipherally spaced longitudinally extending ribs thereon, interlinkingreenforcing members connected with said bar and positioned in thegrooves between said ribs, said reenforcing members bein arranged insaid grooves so that each mem r is separated from the next adjacentmember by one of said longitudinally extending ribs.

7. An insulator comprising an elongated bar having peripherally spacedlongitudinally extending ribs thereon, and a plurality of reinforcinglinks connected with said bar and having the ends thereof arranged topass through said bar in spaced relation to one another so as tointerlink with one another and so that the adjacent ends of successivelinks will be insulated from one another by the material of said bar.

8. An insulator comprising an elongated bar having peripherally spacedlongitudinally extending ribs thereon supporting members connected withthe ends of said bar, and a plurality of reinforcing links connectedwith said bar and having the ends thereof arranged to pass through saidbar in spaced relation to one another so as to interlink with oneanother and so that the adjacent ends of successive links will beinsulated from one another by the material of said bar, the sideportions of said links being arranged to lie between said ribs and to bespaced peripherally from one another by said ribs.

9. An insulator comprising an elongated bar having peripherallyspacedlongitudinally extending ribs thereon, and a series of linksconnected with said bar and having the ends thereof arranged to passthrough said bar in spaced relation to one another so as to interlinkwith one another and so that the adjacent ends of successive links willbe insulated from one another by the material of said bar, the sideportions of said links being arranged to lie in the grooves between saidribs, said links being arranged angula-rly relative to one another sothat each successive link will be spaced angularly from the nextpreceding link by a single rib of said insulator, the angular directionin which each link is spaced from the precedinglink being thesameprogressively in a longitudinal direction along said bar.

10. In combination, an insulator comprising an elongated bar havinglongitudinally extending ribs thereon, spaced reenforcing 11. Aninsulator comprising an elongated bar having longitudinally extendingribs thereon, interlinking reenforcing members connected with said barand arranged in the grooves between said ribs, and transverse battles ofinsulating material arranged to separate the reenforcing members in saidgrooves.

12. An insulator comprising an elongated bar having longitudinallyextending ribs projecting radially therefrom and extending along thelongitudinally central portion of said bar for reinforcing said baragainst bending strains, and reinforcing members connected with said barand positioned in the grooves between said ribs.

13. An elongated insulator having reinforcing members connectedtherewith and arranged externally of said insulator at different angularpositions thereon, and projections on said insulator extending the fulllength of said reinforcing members for separating said angularly spacedreinforcing members from one another.

14. In combination, an insulator comprising an elongated bar havinglongitudinally extending and peripherally spaced ribs thereon,interlinking reinforcing members connected with said bar and angularlyspaced relative to one another thereon so that said members are searated from one another by said ribs, an attachin mem bers for saidinsulator securedto t 0 ends of said bar, each of said reinforcingmembers being separated from one of said attaching members by a portionof the insulating material of said bar.

15. An insulator comprisin an elongated bar having a plurality ofperipherally spaced ribs thereon extending substantially the full lengththereof, and interlinkin reinforcin members connected with sai bar andpositioned in the grooves between said ribs, there being a ribinterposed between each of said reinforcing members and the reinforcingmember next adjacent thereto.

16. An insulator comprising an elon ated bar of dielectric materialhaving ra ially projecting longitudinally extendin ribs thereon,externally arranged interlinking reinforcing members disposed in thespaces between said ribs and insulated from one another, the reinforcingmembers adjacent the ends of said bar extending through openings in saidbar to provide insulation between said reinforcing members and the endsof said bar, supporting members attached to the ends of said bar, andmeans connected with said supporting members and interbers are insulatedfrom one another by in-v tervening portionsof said insulator, andsupporting members secured to the ends of said bar, said reinforcingmembers being arranged with insulating material interposed between saidreinforcing members and the ends of said bar.

18. An insulator comprising an elongated bar having longitudinallyextending ribs projecting radially therefrom, reinforcing membersconnected with said bar and positioned in the grooves between said ribs,said reinforcing members being spaced from the ends of said bar,supporting members connected with the ends or said bar, and connectingmeans secured to said supporting n i ,tltdii members and interliniringwith said rein= forcing members but insulated therefrom by the materialof said bar.

An insulator comprising a unitary elongated bar of dielectric materialhaving radially projecting longitudinally extending ribs thereon forstrengthening said: bar against bending moments, said bar havinglongitudinally spaced openings extending therethrough at differentangles, reinforcing links arranged in said openings and in the groovesbetween said ribs, said links being insulated from one another by thematerial of said bar but interlinked to form a chain supporting membersconnected to theends of said bar, and connectors secured to saidsupporting members and interlinked with said chain but insulatedtherefrom by the material of said bar.

In testimony, whereof I have signed my name to this specification onthis 3rd day of April, A. D; 1919.

v ARTHUR U. AUSTIN.

